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The Berlin Patient
The Berlin patient is a phrase that has been used on two distinct and unrelated occasions to describe a person who has received a functional cure for HIV/AIDS in Berlin, Germany. The first Berlin patient was described in 1998. After receiving an experimental therapy, the patient, who has remained anonymous, has maintained low levels of HIV and has remained off antiretroviral therapy. The world-renowned "second" Berlin patient, Timothy Ray Brown, was first described in 2008 following a poster presented at the CROI 2008 Conference in Boston by Dr. Gero Hütter. He received a stem cell transplant from a donor naturally resistant to HIV and has remained off antiretroviral therapy since the first day of his stem cell transplant. Their stories were chronicled in the 2014 book, Cured: The People who Defeated HIV. The Visconti Cohort, a group of fourteen patients who received early therapy for the virus, are considered functionally cured of HIV, meaning that they still harbor the virus within their bodies but do not need to take antiretroviral therapy. 〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Making Sense of the Three Types of HIV Cure: The Berlin Patient, the Mississippi Child, and the VISCONTI Cohort )〕 A child known as the Mississippi baby was once considered part of this elite group but has since suffered a relapse.〔 Timothy Ray Brown is the only individual who is considered to have a sterilizing cure, meaning he no longer harbors the HIV virus within his body.
==Anonymous: the 1998 Berlin patient==
The first Berlin patient was a German in his mid-twenties.〔 He was a patient of Dr. Heiko Jessen in Berlin, Germany.〔〔 He was diagnosed with acute HIV infection in 1995.〔 He was prescribed an unusual combination therapy: didanosine, indinavir and hydroxyurea.〔 Hydroxyurea was the most unusual of the three, as it is a cancer drug not approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for HIV treatment. The combination was part of a small trial Dr. Jessen was testing in patients during acute HIV infection.〔 After several treatment interruptions, the patient went off the prescribed therapy completely.〔 The virus became almost undetectable.〔 The patient has remained off antiretroviral therapy.〔 In 2014 a follow-up report in NEJM suggests that the patient's genetic background may have contributed to his control of the virus although this point is still under debate. The patient has am HLA-B57 allele which has been associated with HIV nonprogressors, however the majority of those with this genetic background are unable to control the virus. Because of this, the cause of his control of the virus is still unknown.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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